Small Molecules Accelerate Skin Wound Healing: Shikonin Efficacy and Mechanism of Action in Mice / Las Moléculas Pequeñas Aceleran la Curación de Heridas en la Piel: Eficacia de Shikonin y Mecanismo de Acción en Ratones

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic wound healing potential and molecular mechanisms of shikonin as small molecules in vitro. A mouse burn model was used to explore the potential therapeutic effect of shikonin; we traced proliferating cells in vivo to locate the active area of skin cell proliferation. Through the results of conventional pathological staining, we found that shikonin has a good effect on the treatment of burned skin and promoted the normal distribution of skin keratin at the damaged site. At the same time, shikonin also promoted the proliferation of skin cells at the damaged site; importantly, we found a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at the damaged site treated with shikonin. Most importantly, shikonin promotes fibroblasts to repair skin wounds by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study shows that shikonin can effectively promote the proliferation of skin cell, and local injection of fibroblasts in burned skin can play a certain therapeutic role.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el potencial terapéutico de cicatrización de heridas y los mecanismos moleculares de la shikonina como moléculas pequeñas in vitro. Se utilizó un modelo de quemaduras en ratones para explorar el posible efecto terapéutico de la shikonina; Rastreamos las células en proliferación in vivo para localizar el área activa de proliferación de células de la piel. A través de los resultados de la tinción para patología convencional, encontramos que la shikonina tiene un buen efecto en el tratamiento de la piel quemada y promueve la distribución normal de la queratina de la piel en el sitio dañado. Al mismo tiempo, la shikonina también promovió la proliferación de células de la piel en el sitio dañado. Es importante destacar que encontramos un aumento significativo en la cantidad de fibroblastos en el sitio dañado tratado con shikonina. Lo más importante es que la shikonina promueve la función reparadora de fibroblastos en las heridas de la piel regulando la vía de señalización PI3K/ AKT. Este estudio muestra que la shikonina puede promover eficazmente la proliferación de células de la piel y que la inyección local de fibroblastos en la piel quemada puede desempeñar un cierto papel terapéutico.

Effect of miR-96-5p targeting IRS1 on apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by aluminum maltol / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-96-5p on apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by maltol aluminum. Methods: In January 2021, PC12 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into blank control group and low, medium and high dose group. Cells in each group were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 μmol/L maltol aluminum for 24 hours respectively. Cells were collected and cell apoptosis rates were detected by flow cytometry, miR-96-5p and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) mRNA expressions were detected by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression levels of cysteine protease 3 (Caspase3) 、activated cysteine protease 3 (Cleaved-caspase3) 、IRS1、phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylated glucose synthesis kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) were detected by western blotting. The target binding relationship between miR-96-5p and IRS1 was detected by double luciferase reporter gene experiment. The miR-96-5p inhibitor cells and negative control cells were constructed after transfecting PC12 cells with miR-96-5p inhibitor for 24 hours. The cells were divided into blank control group, negative control group, aluminum exposure group, aluminum exposure+negative control group, aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition group, and miR-96-5p inhibition group. After transfecting PC12 cells with miR-96-5p inhibition and IRS1 siRNA for 24 h, the cells were divided into aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition+negative control group and aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition+IRS1 inhibition group. The control group was cultured in complete culture medium, and cells in the aluminum exposure group were treated with 200 μmol/L maltol aluminum for 24 hours. Cells in each group were collected and the apoptosis rate, miR-96-5p and IRS1 mRNA expression levels, as well as protein expression levels of Caspase3, Cleaved-caspase3, IRS1, p-AKT, and p-GSK3β were measured. Results: After 24 hours of exposure, compared with blank control group and low-dose group, the apoptosis rates, relative expressions of Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 proteins, and relative expressions of miR-96-5p in the medium and high-dose groups of PC12 cells were significantly increased, while the relative expression levels of IRS1 mRNA, IRS1, p-AKT and p-GSK3β proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Targetscan prediction and double luciferase report experiment both proved that IRS1 was a direct target gene of miR-96-5p. In the transfection experiment, compared with the aluminum exposure group, the apoptosis rate, the relative expressions of Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 proteins, the relative expression of miR-96-5p in the aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition group were significantly decreased, while the relative expression levels of IRS1 mRNA and IRS1, p-AKT and p-GSK3β proteins were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the IRS1 low expression experiment, compared with the aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition+negative control group, the apoptosis rate, the relative expressions of Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 proteins in the aluminum exposure+miR-96-5p inhibition+IRS1 inhibition group were significantly increased, while the relative expression levels of IRS1 mRNA and IRS1, p-AKT and p-GSK3β proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The increased expression of miR-96-5p and the targeted inhibition of IRS1 may be one of the mechanisms of apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by maltol aluminum exposure.

Comparison of the learning curve of robot -assisted and laparoscopic -assisted gastrectomy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Da Vinci robot technology is widely used in clinic,with minimally invasive surgery development. This study aims to explore the possible influence of advanced surgical robotics on the surgery learning curve by comparing the initial clinical learning curves of 2 different surgical techniques: robotic-assisted gastrectomy (RAG) and laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy (LAG).@*METHODS@#From September 2017 to December 2020, a chief surgeon completed a total of 108 cases of radical gastric cancer from the initial stage, including 27 cases of RAG of the Da Vinci Si robotic system (RAG group) and 81 cases of LAG (LAG group). The lymph node of gastric cancer implemented by the Japanese treatment guidelines of gastric cancer. The surgical results, postoperative complications, oncology results and learning curve were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in general data, tumor size, pathological grade and clinical stage between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The incidence of serious complications in the RAG group was lower than the LAG group (P=0.003). The intraoperative blood loss in the RAG group was lower than that in the LAG group (P=0.046). The number of lymph nodes cleaned in the RAG group was more (P=0.003), among which there was obvious advantage in lymph node cleaning in the No.9 group (P=0.038) and 11p group (P=0.015). The operation time of the RAG group was significantly longer than the LAG group (P=0.015). The analysis of learning curve found that the cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) value of the RAG group decreased from the 10th case, while the CUSUM of the LAG group decreased from the 28th case. The learning curve of the RAG group had fewer closing cases than that of the LAG group. The unique design of the surgical robot might help to improve the surgical efficiency and shorten the surgical learning curve.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Advanced robotics helps experienced surgeons quickly learn to master RAG skills. With the help of robotics, RAG are superior to LAG in No.9 and 11p lymph node dissection and surgical trauma reduction. RAG can clear more lymph nodes than LAG, and has better perioperative effect.

Principles for the rational use of national key monitoring drugs （the second batch） / 中国药房

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.

Research progress on approaches for detection of vitamin E in human blood / 预防医学

@#There are eight forms of vitamin E in human blood, including α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols. As the most abundant and active form of vitamin E, α-tocopherol is widely accepted as a reliable indicator for nutritional assessment of body vitamin E status across the world. Considering that different vitamin E forms have diverse biological activities, separation and detection of different vitamin E forms in human blood facilitates the understanding of the association between vitamin E and diseases. In this review, the advances in sample-pretreatment techniques and detection techniques for vitamin E in human blood were presented. Currently, the sample-pretreatment techniques include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, dispersive liquid-phase microextraction, supported liquid extraction and direct protein precipitation; the detection techniques include automatic biochemical analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry. This review summarizes the characteristics and scope of above-mentioned techniques used for detection of vitamin E in human blood, so as to provide insights into the selection of an appropriate method for inspection technicians.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance / 数字中医药（英文）

@#Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction (黄连温胆汤, HLWDD) alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance in recent 10 years. Methods The randomized controlled trials of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance from January 1, 2012 to April 1, 2022 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. After being screening, the included literature was analyzed to evaluate the effective rate, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, and adverse reactions of HLWDD on insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance. The subgroup analyzed the effect of HLWDD after different treatment courses, and compared the therapeutic effects of HLWDD alone and HLWDD combined with western medicine. Results Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials were finally included, with a total of 2 395 patients. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group was better than that of the western medicine group [RR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.06, 1.22), P = 0.000]. The PSQI score [SMD = – 0.31, 95% CI (– 0.42, – 0.20), P = 0.000], TCM syndrome score [SMD = – 0.40, 95% CI (– 0.67, – 0.12), P = 0.005], and adverse reaction rate [RR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.15, 0.29), P = 0.000] of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group were significantly reduced compared with the western medicine group. The subgroup’s analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course was better than that of the western medicine group [RR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.03, 1.26), P < 0.05]. The TCM syndrome score of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course decreased more obviously than that of the western medicine group [SMD = – 0.60, 95% CI (– 0.96, – 0.25), P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences between HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group and western medicine group with different treatment courses based on PSQI score and adverse reaction rate. Based on the effective rate, the comparison between the HLWDD alone group and the western medicine group [RR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.00, – 1.20) P < 0.05], and between the HLWDD combined with western medicine group and the western medicine group [RR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.03, 1.29), P < 0.05] was the same. PSQI score [SMD = – 0.44, 95% CI (– 0.59, – 0.30), P < 0.05] and TCM syndrome score [SMD = – 1.10, 95% CI (– 1.59, – 0.61), P < 0.05] of HLWDD combined with western medicine group were significantly lower than those of the western medicine group. There were no significant differences of adverse reaction rate between HLWDD alone group [RR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.04, 0.17), P < 0.05] and HLWDD combined with western medicine group [RR = 0.36, 95% CI (0.24, 0.53), P < 0.05]. Conclusion HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine is an effective treatment for insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance, which has a high effective rate, significantly reduced PSQI score and TCM syndrome score, and favorable safety. The best course of treatment is 4 weeks.

Analysis on "the essence of tuina, arrival of qi ensuring curative effect" / 中国针灸

In reference with the systematic review of the thought of deqi (arrival of qi) put forward in Huangdi Neijing (Internal Classic of Yellow Emperor) and other classic books of traditional Chinese medicine, in view of detecting qi and identifying qi before treatment, as well as the prerequisites of deqi in tuina, meaning the accurate syndrome differentiation and manipulations, the importance of deqi in treatment with tuina is expounded. In association with clinical experience, the specific manifestations of deqi in patients during tuina are summarized, e.g. soreness, distention, pain, numbness, warm feeling and slight sweating, local changes in intestinal sound and skin color, as well as mind regulation. It is anticipated that deqi of tuina may be drawn the attention in clinical practice, and the relevant study be expanded.

MiR-744-5p inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma cells by targeting CCND1 / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of miR-744-5p/CCND1 axis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).@*METHODS@#We examined the expression levels of miR-744-5p in 65 pairs of ccRCC and adjacent tissue specimens and in 5 ccRCC cell lines and human renal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells using qRT-PCR. The ccRCC cell lines 786-O and OSRC2 were transfected with miR-744-5p mimic, CCND1 mimic, or their negative control mimics, and the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated with CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. The downstream target molecules of miR-744-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and the expression level of CCND1 in ccRCC cells was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The relationship between miR-744-5p and CCND1 was further validated by dual luciferase reporter assay, and the role of the miR-744-5p/CCND1 axis in ccRCC was explored by rescue experiments.@*RESULTS@#MiR-744-5p was significantly downregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines (all P < 0.05), and its overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells (all P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CCND1 was a downstream target of miR-744-5p. The results of rescue experiments showed that upregulation of CCND1 could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-744-5p overexpression on ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-744-5p inhibits the malignant phenotype of ccRCC cells by targeting CCND1, and the miR-744-5p/CCND1 axis may be a novel target for diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC.

The effect of HOXC10 gene on biological behaviors of glioma cells and mechanism in tumor microenvironment / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To study the effects of Homeobox C10 (HOXC10) on biological characteristics such as migration, invasion and proliferation of glioma cancer cells and to explore the role of HOXC10 gene in glioma microenvironment. Methods: The expression level of HOXC10 in high grade glioma (glioblastoma) and low grade glioma and its effect on patient survival were analyzed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Hoxc10-siRNA-1, HOXC10-siRNA-2 and siRNA negative control (NC) were transfected into U251 cells according to the operation instructions of HOXC10-siRNA transfection. 100 ng/ mL recombinant protein chemokine ligand 2 (reCCL2) was added into the transfection group, and was labeled as HOXC10-siRNA-1+ reCCL2 and HOXC10-siRNA-2+ reCCL2 groups. The expressions of HOXC10 mRNA and target protein in each group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The proliferation ability of cells in each group was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) method. The migration ability of cells was detected by Transwell assay and Nick assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of chemokines in each group was detected by multiple factors. Co-incubation assays were performed to determine the role of HOXC10 and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in recruiting and polarizing tumor-associated macrophages (M2-type macrophages). Results: The median expression level of HOXC10 in high grade gliomas was 8.51, higher than 1.00 in low grade gliomas (P<0.001) in TCGA database. The median expression level of HOXC10 in high grade gliomas was 0.83, higher than 0.00 in low grade gliomas (P=0.002) in CGGA database. The 5-year survival rate of patients with high HOXC10 expression in TCGA database was 28.2%, lower than 78.7% of those with low HOXC10 expression (P<0.001), and the 5-year survival rate of patients with high HOXC10 expression in CGGA database was 20.3%, lower than 58.0% of those with low HOXC10 expression (P<0.001). The numbers of cell migration in HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2 group were (45±3) and (69±4) respectively, lower than (159±3) in NC group (P<0.05). The cell mobility of HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2 group at 48 hours were (15±2)% and (28±4)% respectively, lower than (80±5)% of NC group (P<0.05). The expressions of vimentin in HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2 group were (141 740.00±34 024.56) and (94 655.00±5 687.97), N-cadherin were (76 810.00±14.14) and (94 254.00±701.45), β-catenin were (75 786.50±789.84) and (107 296.50±9 614.53), lower than (233 768.50±34 114.37), (237 154.50±24 715.50) and (192 449.50±24 178.10) of NC group (P<0.05). The A value of HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2 group were (0.44±0.05) and (0.32±0.02) at 96 hours, lower than 0.92±0.12 of NC group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10 siRNA-2 group were (10.23±1.24)% and (13.81±2.16)%, higher than (4.60±0.07)% of NC group (P<0.05). The expression levels of CCL2 in U251 cells in HOXC10-siRNA-1 and HOXC10-siRNA-2 groups were (271.63±44.27) and (371.66±50.21), lower than (933.93±29.84) in NC group (P<0.05). The expression levels of CCL5 (234.81±5.95 and 232.62±5.72), CXCL10 (544.13±48.14 and 500.87±15.65) and CXCL11 (215.75±15.30 and 176.18±16.49) in HOXC10-siRNA-1 and HOXC10-siRNA-2 groups were higher than those in NC group (9.98±0.71, 470.54±18.84 and 13.55±0.73, respectively, P<0.05). The recruited numbers of CD14(+) THP1 in HOXC10-siRNA-1 and HOXC10-siRNA-2 groups were (159.33±1.15) and (170.67±1.15), respectively, lower than (360.00±7.81) in NC group (P<0.05), while addition of reCCL2 promoted the recruitment of CD14(+) THP1 cells (287.00±3.61 and 280.67±2.31 in HOXC10-siRNA-1+ reCCL2 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2+ reCCL2 group, respectively, P<0.05). The expressions level of M2-type macrophage-related gene TGF-β in HOXC10-siRNA-1 group and HOXC10-siRNA-2 group were (0.30±0.02) and (0.28±0.02), respectively, lower than (1.06±0.10) in NC group (P<0.05). The expressions level of M1-related gene NOS2 in HOXC10-siRNA-1 and HOXC10-siRNA-2 were (11 413.95±1 911.85) and (5 894.00±945.21), respectively, higher than (13.39±4.32) in NC group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of HOXC10 in glioma is high and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of glioma patients. Knockdown of HOXC10 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and metastasis of human glioma U251 cells. HOXC10 may play an immunosuppressive role in glioma microenvironment by promoting the expression of CCL2 and recruiting and polarizing tumor-associated macrophages (M2 macrophages).

Correlation between demographic characteristics and blood donation behavior of whole blood donors in Dongguan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the influencing factors of repeated blood donation through statistical analysis of demographic characteristics and blood donation behavior of blood donors, so as to provide data support for the formulation and adjustment of blood donor recruitment and retention strategies. 【Methods】 Whole blood donors in Dongguan from 2016 to 2019 were classified and defined. The data of gender, age, occupation, education level, number of blood donors, frequency of blood donation and interval of blood donation were extracted. The descriptive analysis methods such as logistic regression analysis and constituent ratio were used for retrospective analysis. 【Results】 There were 216 543 whole blood donors in Dongguan from 2016 to 2019, of which males, females, first-time blood donors, repeated blood donors and lapsed blood donors accounted for 62.3%(134 823/216 543), 37.7%(81 720/216 543), 27.4%(59 408/216 543), 9.7%(20 912/216 543) and 57.6% (124 699/216 543), respectively, and the proportion of first-time blood donors and lapsed blood donors was relatively high. Gender, age, occupation and education level were the influencing factors of repeated blood donation, among which age showed less impact while education level and occupation showed a greater impact. 【Conclusion】 Donors who are male, aged 26~45, with stable occupation, college degree or above, and with donation interval within 2 years(especially returned in the first year) are the key groups to be recruited and retained. As for students, the special group, who aged 18~25, with college degree or above and first-time blood donors within the first year, corresponding measures should be formulated to increase the retention rate of blood donors, reduce the recruitment cost and improve the re-donation rate.

Investigation on the current cultural construction of public Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals in Hunan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the cultural construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) hospitals in Hunan province, for reference in their cultural construction.Methods:A questionnaire was designed according to TCM Hospital Cultural Construction Guidelines by the National Traditional Chinese Administration.From May to June 2020, the questionnaire was used to survey the present situation, existing problems and development suggestions of TCM cultural construction at TCM hospitals of and above the county level in Hunan province. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis.Results:The survey covered 117 public TCM hospitals in the province and 87 questionnaires were recovered, a rate of 74.4%. In terms of cultural construction in these institutions, various programs were in place at a relatively high proportion in the core cultural value construction. The development of behavioral norms teaching and inheritance was in place at a relatively low proportion, namely 78.8% at tertiary TCM hospitals, 51.8% at secondary TCM hospitals, and only 16.7% at secondary level-B TCM hospitals. In terms of environmental image construction, various programs were in place at a relatively high proportion, yet focusing on themed cultural wall posters culturol bulletin board and other forms of display. At present, the main problems were insufficient funding(86.9%) and talents(82.1%).Conclusions:TCM hospitals in Hunan province highly value the construction of cultural core value and environmental image, but their development in the code of conduct system and other connotation was weak.

Arsenic on cholesterol efflux and the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SRBI / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the impact of arsenic on cholesterol efflux and the expression of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 1 ( ABCA1 ), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 ( ABCG1 ), and scavenger receptor class B member I ( SRBI ) in macrophages, so as to provide the evidence for the mechanism of arsenic induced atherosclerosis.@*Methods@#The human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells ( THP-1 ), induced by phorbol myristate acetate, and mouse primary macrophages were treated with 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 48 hours. Then the cells treated with 2.5 μmol/L NaAsO2 were changed to arsenic free mediums for 48 hours and collected every 12 hours to analyze the time effect of arsenic. The expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SRBI were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cholesterol efflux rates were measured by 3H isotope tracer. @*Results@#Arsenic significantly down-regulated the expression levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and cholesterol efflux in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of ABCA1 mRNA decreased by 69% and 72%, the levels of ABCG1 mRNA decreased by 42% and 34%, and the rate of cholesterol efflux decreased by 55% and 59% in THP-1 and mouse primary macrophages cells treated with 5 μmol/L NaAsO2 ( all P<0.05 ). Arsenic had no significant effect on SRBI expression ( all P>0.05 ). Arsenic inhibited ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in THP-1 in a time-dependent manner. Compared with cells before the exposure of arsenic, the level of ABCA1 mRNA and the rate of cholesterol efflux in THP-1 bottomed at 48 hours by 43% and 42%, and gradually recovered when arsenic was removed. @*Conclusions@#Arsenic inhibits cholesterol efflux by down-regulating the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in macrophages.

Toxicity and Mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Alcohol Extract on L02 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the toxic effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix alcohol extract (PME) on L02 cells and the mechanism of ROS inducing apoptosis via mitochondria pathway, so as to provide a basis for the rational and safe administration of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in clinic. Method::The 4, 5-dimethly-2-thiazolyl-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell viability of PME at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 g·L-1). Nuclear morphology was observed by Hoechst 33342 staining. The apoptosis rate of cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI. The release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cells were detected by kit instruction. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. The relative protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), cysteinyl aspartate proteinase-9(proCaspase-9) and cysteinyl aspartate proteinase-3 (proCaspase-3) in the PME-administered group were detected by Western blot. Result::After treatment with PME at the concentration of 5, 10, 20 g·L-1, the survival rate of L02 cells were decreased in a concentration and time-depended manner. After treatment with PME for L02 cells, nucleus shrinkage, fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed under fluorescence after Hoechst 33342 staining. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining showed a upward cell apoptosis rate in PME 20 g·L-1 group. Compared with the normal control group, the release rate of LDH was significantly increased (P<0.01), the intracellular ROS level was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the MMP rate was significantly decreased in PME 5, 10, 20 g·L-1 groups (P<0.05). With the increase in the concentration of PME, proCaspase-3, proCaspase-9, Bcl-2 protein showed a significantly downward trend in PME 10, 20 g·L-1 groups (P<0.01), while the expression of Bax protein was significantly up-regulated in PME 20 g·L-1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion::The study illustrated that PME have toxic effects on L02 cells, which may destroy the structure of hepatocytes to a certain extent, promote ROS levels, induce oxidative stress, activate the mitochondrial pathway, and then activate apoptosis-related proteins to cause cells damage. It is suggested that ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway was involved in PME-induced apoptosis.

Exploration and practice of micro-video teaching of / 中国针灸

In this paper, the micro-video teaching mode was explored in the course construction of . The micro-video teaching contents include the academic thought, experience in diagnosis and treatment, characteristic technology and clinical manipulation of famous acupuncture experts in the Henan University of CM. Each micro-video film is designed within 15-18 min, including three sections of knowledge, i.e. basic theory, technological application and clinical manipulation. Each section is designed within 5-6 min. The construction of the teaching course of is the innovation of practice mode of TCM and the new approach to the inheritance of the experience of experts. The construction of micro-video teaching course propels the reform of teaching mode, improves the learning initiative of students and clinical manipulative ability so as to improve the teaching effect and quality.

Regression Algorithm of Bone Age Estimation of Knee-joint Based on Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a regression algorithm model that applies to bone age estimation of Xinjiang Uygur adolescents with machine learning methods such as histogram of oriented gradient （HOG）, local binary patterns （LBP）, support vector machine （SVM）, principal component analysis （PCA）. Methods DR images of knee-joints from 275 male and 225 female subjects aged 12.0-<19.0 years old were collected, PCA method was used to reduce the dimensionality of the HOG and LBP features, and support vector regression （SVR） was used to establish a knee-joint bone age estimation algorithm model. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 215 male samples, 180 female samples for the model training set. K-fold cross validation method was used to optimize parameters of the model. The remaining samples as the independent test set was used to compare the sample's true age and model estimated age, and had an accuracy rate in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 years, respectively. Then the mean absolute error （MAE） and root mean square error （RMSE） were calculated. Results The accuracy rate of male in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 year was 80.67%, 89.33%, respectively. The MAE and RMSE were 0.486 and 0.606 years, respectively. The accuracy rate of female in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 years was 80.19%, 90.45%, respectively. The MAE and RMSE were 0.485 and 0.590 years, respectively. Conclusion Establishment of prediction model for bone age estimation by feature dimension reduction of HOG and LBP in DR images of knee-joint based on PCA and SVM has relatively high accuracy.

Effectiveness of nursing intervention for increasing hope in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis / Eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem para aumento da esperança em pacientes com câncer: uma meta-análise / Eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para aumentar la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer: un meta análisis

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of nursing interventions to increase the level of hope in cancer patients, in a meta-analysis. Methods: electronic databases were searched. Two of the authors independently extracted data from the eligible studies, and Stata 13.0 software was used to pool the data. Results: nine randomized controlled trials were included, and methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated using Cochrane handbook recommendations. A random effects model was used to combine results from eligible studies. The pooled results using the fixed effects model showed that scores to first effects increase significantly after the use of nursing intervention between the groups. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies for posttest (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). The results indicated significant heterogeneity across the nine selected studies. The test for heterogeneity showed no homogeneity among studies for follow-up (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), and there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: the current evidence suggests that nursing intervention has a positive effect on hope in cancer patients. However, more large-scale and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMO Objetivo: meta-análise para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção de enfermagem, no nível de esperança para pacientes com câncer. Método: foram pesquisados bancos de dados eletrônicos. Dois dos autores, de forma independente, extraíram os dados dos estudos elegíveis e os agruparam no software Stata 13.0. Resultado: nove ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos e a qualidade metodológica destes estudos foi avaliada utilizando as recomendações do manual Cochrane. Um modelo de efeito aleatório foi usado para combinar resultados dos estudos elencados. O agrupamento dos resultados por meio de um modelo de efeitos fixos mostrou primeiros escores revelaram um efeito significativamente maior após o uso da intervenção de enfermagem entre os grupos. Foi identificada heterogeneidade entre os estudos para pós-teste (df = 8, p = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Os resultados indicaram heterogeneidade significativa nos nove estudos selecionados. O teste para heterogeneidade não demonstrou homogeneidade entre os estudos de acompanhamento (df = 8, p = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: as evidências atuais sugerem que a intervenção de enfermagem tem um efeito positivo no sentimento de esperança em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios controlados randomizados em maior escala e de alta qualidade para confirmar esses resultados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la intervención de enfermería para pacientes oncológicos en el nivel de esperanza en un meta análisis. Método: se buscó información en bases de datos electrónicas. Dos de los autores extrajeron de forma independiente los datos de los estudios de elegibilidad, y se utilizó el software Stata 13.0 para agrupar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorios controlados y se evaluó la calidad metodológica del ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) utilizando las recomendaciones del manual Cochrane. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para combinar los resultados de los estudios elegibles. Los resultados agrupados utilizando el modelo de efectos fijos mostraron que las puntuaciones al primer efecto aumentan significativamente después del uso de la intervención de enfermería entre los grupos. Se observó heterogeneidad entre los estudios de post-prueba (df = 8, P = 0.000; I2 =76.1 %). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad significativa en los nueve estudios seleccionados. La prueba de heterogeneidad no mostró homogeneidad entre los estudios de seguimiento (df = 8, P = 0.328; I2 = 12.9 %), pero no hay significación estadística. Conclusión: la evidencia actual sugiere que la intervención de enfermería tiene un efecto positivo en la esperanza en pacientes con cáncer. Sin embargo, se necesitan más ensayos controlados aleatorios de gran escala y de alta calidad para confirmar estos resultados.

Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice and explore its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty MRL/lpr mice were randomized equally into blank control group, dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg) group, GA (20 mg/kg) group, and GA (40 mg/kg) group with corresponding treatments for 7 days, with 10 wild-type mice as the control group. Serum levels of uric acid and creatinine and inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney were tested after the treatments using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The pathological changes in the kidneys were detected using HE staining, and the protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, p-NF-κB, NF-κB, p-IκBα, and IκBα were detected with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GA obviously decreased serum levels of uric acid and creatinine, decreased inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney, ameliorated renal pathologies and inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, p-NF-κB, and p-IκBα proteins in MRL/lpr mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GA has protective effects against lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.</p>

Effect of Niaogan Decoction on expulsion of uropathogenic Escheriehia coli from human bladder epithelial cells / 中成药

AIM To observe the effects of Niaogan Decoction (Portulacae Herba,Taraxaci Herba) on expulsion of uropathogenic Escheriehia coli (UPEC) from human bladder epithelial cells and to explore its mechanism.METHODS After HTB-9 was infected with UPEC,drug urine exocytosed the UPEC invaded into urinary bladder epithelial cell were observed.With molecular biology technology,the mechanism of key factors to TLR4/cAMP signal pathway such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),adeuylate cyclase 3 (AC3),cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP),protien kinase A (PKA),Myosin Ⅶ A and Rab interacting protein (MyRIP),Rab27b and Caveolin-1 were analyzed.RESULTS Treatment with Niaogan Decoction resulted in a significant increase in UPEC exocytosis compared with the blank control high dose group.Niaogan Decoction group improved TLR4,AC3,MyRIP,Rab27b and Caveolin-1 protein expression,increased intracellular cAMP content and promoted PKA activation.CONCLUSION Niaogan Decoction has the capacity to exocytose UPEC,its mechanism may relate to TLR 4/cAMP signal pathway.

Construction and management practice of morphologic experimental center in medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the construction and management practice of the morphologic experimental center in Xi'an Medical University, the achievements in laboratory daily operation and institutional man-agement were summarized in the area of lab rules and regulations, instrument and equipment, experiment teaching, lab environment and safety, lab staff administration and so on. The management work has been refined using the practice model of resource sharing, system administration, individual responsibility, and unified staff supervision. The lab rules and responsibilities were also effectively implemented on specific person. Taking the opportunity in teaching evaluation at the experimental center, the lab connotation con-struction was further strengthened. The evaluation system was thoroughly examined in order to look for gaps and promote the lab construction. Further work could be carried out on the laboratory software and hard-ware, such as instrument and equipment update, experimental teaching system reformation in morphology, promotion on multidisciplinary integration and unified management of lab staff.

Spontaneous Cervical Epidural Hematomas in Mild Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients: An Analysis of 8 Cases / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoms (SCEH) complicated with mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a rare but emerging condition.Early diagnosis and treatment are important for good outcomes.This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of this condition and to discuss the optimal treatment.The clinical data from 8 patients with SCEH plus CSM who were divided into two groups by treatment methods were retrospectively analyzed.The neurological function of the patients was assessed by Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score before and after the surgical operations.Other factors were reviewed with medical records.Among them,4 out of the 8 patients underwent emergency surgery,and the rest 3 patients experienced an initial conservative treatment and ultimately received a laminectomy.We found that the Frankel Scale scores in most of the surgical patients were increased after surgery (6/7,85.7％).However,the JOA scores at the 6th month after onset were even lower than those before onset in 3 of the operative cases,and those in the patients who were given conservative treatment showed no significant change.It was concluded that some patients with SCEH and CSM treated with a timely operation may obtain relief from their previous CSM symptoms.However,the final neurological deficits of these patients were closely related to the progressive interval which refers to the hours between the initial onset and the occurrence of new neurological deficits or mild CSM deterioration,no matter whether they accept the operation.We found the crucial progressive interval may be in 9 h.Early MRIand prompt neurosurgical intervention are also important to improve the neurological deficits.